STREAMS IN EDUCATION

DISCUSSION

Streams of Education

Discussing about  streams of education, there are a lot of words to explain about it.  Implementation of education and ideas are always dynamically according to the dynamics of man and society since the past until now always been progressing science and technology education that develops in our country today. In the literature on various streams of education, thoughts challenged streams, has been started from ancient Greece to the present. For that we as the next generation must develop the culture of learning and teaching in education that is better than ever in order to more developed countries and developing countries.Ideas about education that had begun in ancient Greece, and with the contribution of various parts of the world finally growing rapidly in Europe and the United States. Therefore streams of classical or new movements came from the second region. The thoughts that grow around the world including Indonesia brought by people who beajar in Europe or the United States so easily grown in Indonesia. The spread of ideas that resulted from both the region is generally become a reference in determining policies in the areas of policy in different countries.Streams that include streams of classical empiricism, nativism, naturalism and Convergence is a red threads that connect the ideas of education past, present and possible future. Streams represent a wide variety of opinions about education starting from the lowest to the high level, such as elementary, junior high school while the highest colleges and schools. Streams of opinion on education vary, ranging from the pessimistic view that education is less useful, even destroy the future of the child to develop his talents, while the flow of optimism looking at children as if clay can be shaped at will. Furthermore, there is a notion that is also a movement in education that influence is still influential today, namely the teaching environment, teaching center, school, work and teaching projects.These movements are very influential on the way teachers manage teaching and learning activities in schools such as has been stated that the teacher is the most important pillar and learning in schools, especially if done at the same time learning to educate students better learners.
A. Stream-flow in the Classical Education and Its Effect Of Thought Education in Indonesia.Humans are creatures that can not be predictable in his thinking, so as to explore outer space but the space it is still not sufficiently known. In connection with the study of streams of education, differences that originated from different views of human development itself. There are differences in emphasis in a particular personality theory about which factors are most influential in the development of personality. Personality development could be influenced by the environment because in the everyday environment can affect a person's personality, if the environment is not good then gives an example of such a personality would not be good, like a family to give an example to their offspring so that they are better and can serve as a model in environments where they live.The theories of behavioral strategies and phenologis strategy emphasizes learning factor. Both of these strategies emphasize faktorbelajar. But expressed different views about how the learning process that occurs, due to differing views on human nature. Strategic behavioral strategies depending on their environment being fenomenalogis saw man as active beings capable of action and make their own choices.Different views of the dominant factors in human development is a basic difference in views on the role of education on humans, ranging from the most pessimistic until it flows generally suggests a certain dominant factor, and thus, a stream of education will submit ideas for optimize these factors to develop a human.
1. The flow of EmpiricismAccording to this flow of human beings are born pure white as white paper, which means that does not carry the potential for anything. Further development depends on education and the environment. Educators play an important role by providing an educational environment that will be received by the child as the experience of teachers and parents most determining educational outcomes. Education shaped by experience, not depending from the bottom of the child. Locke suggested that teachers and parents serve as models, showing the quality tingakh good behavior. Children should be shown on the world as it is, including ugliness and danger so be aware what to avoid and what should be achieved. In the view of empiricism educator plays a very important reason to provide environmental education to the child's education to the child's dna was enumerated by the child will be accepted as experience. The experience was certainly consistent with the purpose of education.The flow of empiricism considered biased because it favors only the role of experience gained from the environment. While the basic skills that brought the child from birth is considered not determine, according to the reality of everyday life there are children who succeed because it has its own talent, though the surrounding environment does not support the success is due to the ability that comes from within a form of intelligence or the will, child trying to get the environment that can develop talents or abilities that already exist in him. However, adherents of this school still looking at the opinions that saw man as a passive creature and can be changed, for example through behavior modification. This was reflected in the scientific view, or with behavioral psycology Skinner. Behaviorism makes it seem out of human behavior as the target kajianya, while emphasizing that the behavior was mainly as a result of mere learning. Nonetheless, behavioral insights are also still vary in determining whether the most important factor in the learning process is as follows:a. The view that emphasizes the role of observation and imitation.b. The view that emphasizes the role of impact or reversal of the behavior of something.c. The view that emphasizes the role of the stimulus or stimuli on behavior.
As will be noted on the item or flow convergence in this section, some of the opinions in the behavioral view is no longer entirely a la "Tabula Rasa" from J. Locke, because it has began to be noted also internal factors of human beings.
2. Flow NatifismeThis flow ditokohi Hauwer Schopen (German: 1788-1860) argue that humans are born with the potential that is so, so that educational and environmental factors have no bearing on the development of children, who both will be good and the bad will be bad. This flow is required even though the opinion of education, education is only intended to maintain and develop the innate potential. The results of child development is determined by the nature that have been acquired since birth. Less environmental influence on education and child development. Therefore, education has yet final disposition is determined by who has carried since birth. Based on this view the success of education is determined by the students themselves. Education is not in accordance with their own talents and child development. The term nativism of the origin of the word meaning native born. For nativism, the environment has no meaning because the environment will not be powerless in influencing child development. Adherents of this view states that if a child has the innate evil then he will become evil. Conversely if the child has a good disposition he will be a good person. Bad and good nature can not be changed from outside forces.Although in everyday life, often found in children resemble their parents (physically) and children also inherited the talent and the nature of his parents. But the carriage was not the only factor that determines the development. There are still many factors that influence the formation and development of children in to adulthood. View of convergence will give an explanation of the importance of these two factors, namely nature or heredity and environment in child development. There is a main stream opinion nativism that is widely influential within the individual that there is a 'core' that encourage private people to realize themselves, encouraging people in their choices and their own volition, and that puts human beings as active beings who have free will.Although this view recognizes the importance of learning, but experience in learning. That or the acceptance and perception of a lot is determined by the ability to give meaning to what they experienced it. This approach is very concerned with a holistic view (holistic, gestait) as well as understanding people's behavior from the viewpoint of the owner's behavior. There are varied opinions of the approach phenomenologi / humanistic as follows:1. Approach to self-actualization or non-directive.2. How important to understand the relationship "transactions" between humans and the environment as stock beginning to understand his behavior.3. Approach "gestait" both the classical and subsequent development.4. Approach to "search for meaning" with application as from viktor Franki logotherapy which reveals how important the spirit (human spirit) to overcome the various challenges facing the masala.
3. The flow of NaturalismThese flow figures are JJ. Rousseau (French: 1712-1778). According to this flow of human beings at birth has a good disposition because humans are basically good because basically let it grow well in landscape. Absolute law for the education of children is to learn to take action.William Stern put this flow figures (German 1871-1939) who argued that children from birth to bring the potential, but in the subsequent development depends on education and lingkunganya. Traits will not develop properly when there is no support for education and environmental rules. Instead of education or the environment will not work well in children when there is no disposition to support it. A child does have the potential different to him, if this potential is not developed will not be shown by such person. Environment can also affect the development of potential children. JJ Rousseau wanted to keep the child from all the bad things people are completely made-up (artificia) so that the good of the children who obtain birth naturally since it can appear spontaneously and freely.
4. Flow Convergencepioneer of this genre are William Stern put (1871-1938) a German national education experts who argue that a child born in this world has been accompanied by innate good and bad traits. It all depends on the environmental and developmental potential of children in learning to address their behavior in order to get better. Without the support of a suitable environment for the development of that talent. Conversely, a good environment can not produce optimal child development that is in the child development of the child who can not produce optimal if the child does not have the talent to develop it. The ability of two children (who live in an environmental same one) to learn the language may not be the same. It is caused by the existence of innate differences in the quantity and differences in the environmental situation, although both children lingkungnan use the same language.
5. Influence of the classical flow of thought and practice of education in Indonesia.Streams becoming known classical education in Indonesia through educational efforts, particularly schooling, from the Dutch colonial rulers and followed later by the Indonesian people who study in the Netherlands in the colonial period as is known, the schooling system introduced by the Dutch colonial government in Indonesia, prior to that time in the entire education community, the family has not been known.

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